Predicting emotions expressed in text is a well-studied problem in the NLP community. Recently there has been active research in extracting the cause of an emotion expressed in text. Most of the previous work has done causal emotion entailment in documents. In this work, we propose neural models to extract emotion cause span and entailment in conversations. For learning such models, we use RECCON dataset, which is annotated with cause spans at the utterance level. In particular, we propose MuTEC, an end-to-end Multi-Task learning framework for extracting emotions, emotion cause, and entailment in conversations. This is in contrast to existing baseline models that use ground truth emotions to extract the cause. MuTEC performs better than the baselines for most of the data folds provided in the dataset.

A real-world application or setting involves interaction between different modalities (e.g., video, speech, text). In order to process the multimodal information automatically and use it for an end application, Multimodal Representation Learning (MRL) has emerged as an active area of research in recent times. MRL involves learning reliable and robust representations of information from heterogeneous sources and fusing them. However, in practice, the data acquired from different sources are typically noisy. In some extreme cases, a noise of large magnitude can completely alter the semantics of the data leading to inconsistencies in the parallel multimodal data. In this paper, we propose a novel method for multimodal representation learning in a noisy environment via the generalized product of experts technique. In the proposed method, we train a separate network for each modality to assess the credibility of information coming from that modality, and subsequently, the contribution from each modality is dynamically varied while estimating the joint distribution. We evaluate our method on two challenging benchmarks from two diverse domains: multimodal 3D hand-pose estimation and multimodal surgical video segmentation. We attain state-of-the-art performance on both benchmarks. Our extensive quantitative and qualitative evaluations show the advantages of our method compared to previous approaches.

在人口稠密的国家中，悬而未决的法律案件呈指数增长。需要开发处理和组织法律文件的技术。在本文中，我们引入了一个新的语料库来构建法律文件。特别是，我们介绍了用英语的法律判断文件进行的，这些文件被分割为局部和连贯的部分。这些零件中的每一个都有注释，标签来自预定义角色的列表。我们开发基线模型，以根据注释语料库自动预测法律文档中的修辞角色。此外，我们展示了修辞角色在提高总结和法律判断预测任务的绩效方面的应用。我们发布了语料库和基线模型代码以及纸张。

谈话中的情感认可（ERC）是一个重要而积极的研究问题。最近的工作表明了ERC任务使用多种方式（例如，文本，音频和视频）的好处。在谈话中，除非一些外部刺激唤起改变，否则参与者倾向于维持特定的情绪状态。在谈话中持续的潮起潮落和情绪流动。灵感来自这种观察，我们提出了一种多模式ERC模型，并通过情感转换组件增强。所提出的情感移位组件是模块化的，可以添加到任何现有的多模式ERC模型（具有几种修改），以改善情绪识别。我们尝试模型的不同变体，结果表明，包含情感移位信号有助于模型以优于ERC的现有多模型模型，从而展示了MOSEI和IEMOCAP数据集的最先进的性能。

法律文件是非结构化的，使用法律术语，并且具有相当长的长度，使得难以通过传统文本处理技术自动处理。如果文档可以在语义上分割成连贯的信息单位，法律文件处理系统将基本上受益。本文提出了一种修辞职位（RR）系统，用于将法律文件分组成语义连贯的单位：事实，论点，法规，问题，先例，裁决和比例。在法律专家的帮助下，我们提出了一套13个细粒度的修辞标志标签，并创建了与拟议的RR批发的新的法律文件有条件。我们开发一个系统，以将文件分段为修辞职位单位。特别是，我们开发了一种基于多任务学习的深度学习模型，文档修辞角色标签作为分割法律文件的辅助任务。我们在广泛地尝试各种深度学习模型，用于预测文档中的修辞角色，并且所提出的模型对现有模型显示出卓越的性能。此外，我们应用RR以预测法律案件的判断，并表明与基于变压器的模型相比，使用RR增强了预测。

最近，已提出文本世界游戏，以使人为代理能够理解和理解真实世界的情景。基于文本的游戏对人工代理有挑战性，因为它需要在部分可观察环境中使用自然语言的理解和相互作用。代理商通过旨在使甚至人类参与者挑战的文本描述来观察环境。过去的方法没有足够重视拟议代理人的语言理解能力。通常，这些方法从划痕中训练，一个代理商使用时间丢失函数在训练期间在线学习文本表示和游戏。鉴于RL方法的样本效率低下，学习足够的文本表示效率低下，以便能够在这种复杂的游戏环境设置中使用文本观察来理解和理由。在本文中，我们通过提出一个简单的RL来改善对代理的语义理解，其中我们使用具有深度RL模型的变压器的语言模型。我们对我们的框架进行了详细的研究，以展示我们的模型如何优于所有现有代理商，Zork1，达到44.7的分数，比最先进的模型高1.6。总体而言，我们建议的方法优于14个基于文本的游戏中的4场比赛，同时执行与剩余游戏中最先进的模型相当。

这篇研究论文提出了COVID-19监测和响应系统，以确定医院患者的数量激增以及关键设备（如东南亚国家的呼吸机），以了解医疗机构的负担。这可以通过资源计划措施来帮助这些地区的当局，以将资源重定向到模型确定的地区。由于缺乏有关医院患者涌入的公开可用数据，或者这些国家可能面临的设备，ICU单元或医院病床的短缺，我们利用Twitter数据来收集此信息。该方法为印度的各州提供了准确的结果，我们正在努力验证其余国家的模型，以便它可以作为当局监控医院负担的可靠工具。

The core of the computer business now offers subscription-based on-demand services with the help of cloud computing. We may now share resources among multiple users by using virtualization, which creates a virtual instance of a computer system running in an abstracted hardware layer. It provides infinite computing capabilities through its massive cloud datacenters, in contrast to early distributed computing models, and has been incredibly popular in recent years because to its continually growing infrastructure, user base, and hosted data volume. This article suggests a conceptual framework for a workload management paradigm in cloud settings that is both safe and performance-efficient. A resource management unit is used in this paradigm for energy and performing virtual machine allocation with efficiency, assuring the safe execution of users' applications, and protecting against data breaches brought on by unauthorised virtual machine access real-time. A secure virtual machine management unit controls the resource management unit and is created to produce data on unlawful access or intercommunication. Additionally, a workload analyzer unit works simultaneously to estimate resource consumption data to help the resource management unit be more effective during virtual machine allocation. The suggested model functions differently to effectively serve the same objective, including data encryption and decryption prior to transfer, usage of trust access mechanism to prevent unauthorised access to virtual machines, which creates extra computational cost overhead.

The necessity of data driven decisions in healthcare strategy formulation is rapidly increasing. A reliable framework which helps identify factors impacting a Healthcare Provider Facility or a Hospital (from here on termed as Facility) Market Share is of key importance. This pilot study aims at developing a data driven Machine Learning - Regression framework which aids strategists in formulating key decisions to improve the Facilitys Market Share which in turn impacts in improving the quality of healthcare services. The US (United States) healthcare business is chosen for the study; and the data spanning across 60 key Facilities in Washington State and about 3 years of historical data is considered. In the current analysis Market Share is termed as the ratio of facility encounters to the total encounters among the group of potential competitor facilities. The current study proposes a novel two-pronged approach of competitor identification and regression approach to evaluate and predict market share, respectively. Leveraged model agnostic technique, SHAP, to quantify the relative importance of features impacting the market share. The proposed method to identify pool of competitors in current analysis, develops Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs), feature level word vectors and evaluates the key connected components at facility level. This technique is robust since its data driven which minimizes the bias from empirical techniques. Post identifying the set of competitors among facilities, developed Regression model to predict the Market share. For relative quantification of features at a facility level, incorporated SHAP a model agnostic explainer. This helped to identify and rank the attributes at each facility which impacts the market share.

Bio-inspired learning has been gaining popularity recently given that Backpropagation (BP) is not considered biologically plausible. Many algorithms have been proposed in the literature which are all more biologically plausible than BP. However, apart from overcoming the biological implausibility of BP, a strong motivation for using Bio-inspired algorithms remains lacking. In this study, we undertake a holistic comparison of BP vs. multiple Bio-inspired algorithms to answer the question of whether Bio-learning offers additional benefits over BP, rather than just biological plausibility. We test Bio-algorithms under different design choices such as access to only partial training data, resource constraints in terms of the number of training epochs, sparsification of the neural network parameters and addition of noise to input samples. Through these experiments, we notably find two key advantages of Bio-algorithms over BP. Firstly, Bio-algorithms perform much better than BP when the entire training dataset is not supplied. Four of the five Bio-algorithms tested outperform BP by upto 5% accuracy when only 20% of the training dataset is available. Secondly, even when the full dataset is available, Bio-algorithms learn much quicker and converge to a stable accuracy in far lesser training epochs than BP. Hebbian learning, specifically, is able to learn in just 5 epochs compared to around 100 epochs required by BP. These insights present practical reasons for utilising Bio-learning rather than just its biological plausibility and also point towards interesting new directions for future work on Bio-learning.